E=mc2 In Error? Relativity Theory Imperiled? Einstein In Error?

The year 1905 was a revolutionary landmark in Physics since it was the year that Albert Einstein published Special Relativity Theory in a monumental work; this theory changed geometry and the contemporary view of the universe that had prevailed for centuries. However, were there basic errors in this theory? Is the core theory of modern physics suffering from major defects in its foundational equations and documents so that Einstein’s Special Relativity equations contradict the basis of the theory itself?

Various observations made by technologists have galvanized the scientific community in that they appear to contradict Einstein. It is hinted at that there are fundamental fallacies hidden within Relativity’s basic formulae and original papers. There has even been one engineer, Michael Strauss, who has indicated that quotations from Albert Einstein’s 1905 document go against the very assumptions that the theory is built upon. He alleges that Einstein borrowed equations from Lorentz to build Special Relativity and that these equations when interpreted properly form the basis of a contradictory theory. After a century of waiting, scientists need to update their thinking on this theory with a complete review of the history leading up to, during and after the 1905 dawn of Special Relativity.

As this is the 100 year anniversary of the original release of Special Relativity, a review of the original assumptions, documents and ideas which led to the acceptance of this theory is timely and warranted. Every year millions of students are taught this theory without a critical analysis of Relativity. Relativity Theory consists of its two variants Special Relativity and General Relativity and is considered the cornerstone of modern physics.

First, Dr. Einstein formulated Special Relativity from the work of Fitzgerald, Lorentz and Voigt as well as others. In this venture into a brave new world, Einstein furthered several mind-bending and disputable concepts that are accepted as fact in the modern world. The contraction of space, time slowing down on moving systems and the mass energy equivalence formulated in the equation E=mc2. It was this last expression that was the shining star for the new theories in addition to the two postulates: 1) light speed is a constant for all observers and 2) physical laws are the same from every perspective. Another predicted effect was an increase in mass as an object speeds up. Readers should be cautioned that there have been many ‘alleged’ validations of the ideas of special relativity.

Most notably, experiments using particle accelerators have sped particles to incredible velocities which apparently provide confirmation of Einstein’s theory. However, doubts remain in the scientific community who have never totally given up the comfort of a Newtonian world view. This is readily apparent in that they refer to the Newton’s ‘Law’ of Gravitation whilst Special Relativity (SR) and General Relativity (GR) are given the polite attribution ‘The Theory of’ or simply SR ‘theory’ and GR ‘theory.’ Einstein would continue working on the ideas of Special Relativity until producing the aforementioned even more controversial treatise.

He did this by improving upon his first treatise a few years later with the General theory of Relativity of 1915-1916. Proposing that space is curved by mass, he thereby mathematically described various anomalous effects that were subsequently ‘allegedly’ confirmed by observations. Additionally, his expressions predicted the motion of stellar objects having a direct correlation with the indicated curvature of space. In conclusion, it should be understood that our understanding of the cosmos is never going to be what it once was after so many poisonous years. Even with Einstein’s propaganda indicating a constant light speed, some engineers and technology professionals have found evidence that light is not moving at a constant speed (Professor Paul Davies, University of Arizona). Additionally, one engineer has also shown that there are various profound defects in the fundamental equations of the 1905 treatise and the entire Special Relativity formulation. If accepted by the scientific community at large a counter-revolution in physics would have begun that would require a major reevaluation of many scientific concepts.

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How Science Is Improving Our Understanding Of Nature

For centuries, scientists have engaged in research that has increased our understanding of nature and how natural forces work to create and sustain the world and universe we see today. The purpose of science is to follow a process of making careful and unbiased observations in order to generate knowledge about the world through tested theories based on the scientific observations. Although theories may not guarantee the absolute truth about a particular scientific theory, the idea is to get as close to an accurate approximation of the truth. The result will lead to a more accurate and credible understanding of how the natural world works.

Scientists seek to learn as much as possible about the nature of the world. By using intellect, the aid of scientific study devices, and formulated scientific hypothesis, scientists now have a better understanding of nature. For instance, the principles of motion and the law of gravity are applicable when studying other parts of the universe, even if we have yet to travel to these areas. The same principles can be applied to other forces such as seeking to understand ocean tides, bird migrations, earthquakes, and hurricanes. Scientists study patterns both in the natural world and in laboratories using technologically advanced research devices to gather data, take measurements, and make their observations and create their scientific theories. The result is an improved understanding of nature.

Science also helps us understand how we evolved. By studying such elements as fossils of species that once roamed the earth millions of years ago, various rocks and other matter located deep within the earth, skeletal remains of dinosaurs, and the remains of prehistoric man and early primates, scientists have made many significant discoveries about how we evolved. In fact, such famous scientists as Stephen Hawking, Carl Sagan, Albert Einstein, and Charles Darwin, have all contributed important theories and data that have brought us even closer to understanding how the universe emerged and developed.

How science has reconstructed the events in the history of the planet and its life forms have led to remarkable improvements and insight into how nature works. For instance, by studying the contours of the ocean floors, the shape of continents, the effects of a volcano eruption and earthquake, and where different fossils have been found, we get a better understanding of why our continents reside where they are and how human populations and species migrated and evolved to what we see today. We also get a better understanding of the results of the ice age and the effect it had on the types of species we have today. Understanding how the world evolved and the changes that took place also helps us to better understand current world problems such as the effects of Global Warming which is essential to finding ways to slow it down. By understanding how nature and its natural forces work, we are better able to come up with ways to manage the planet and its inhabitants.

Because science relies heavily on accurate and unbiased data, there is a constant development of advanced techniques and instruments which has lead to many astounding discoveries in the world and universe. For instance, the Hubble Telescope has resulted in many astounding discoveries about the stars, planets, black holes, and even far away galaxies. With advanced computer systems and other technologically advanced instrument, the future for scientific discovery looks bright concerning our understanding of the history of the universe and the history of life on earth.

It will be interesting to follow the progression of nature and science in the years ahead. physics research will also be developed and integrated into even more systems that we use in everyday life.

Some Things About Geographic Information Systems

Lots of people are learning some things about geographic information systems these days. One of the first things they are learning, is just what one is. A GIS as they are referred to, helps us to question, interpret, understand, and visualize data that can show us patterns or trends, or relationships by way of report, globes, charts, and maps.

The main way that GIS is used is through maps. But this is only one way that it can be taken advantage of. A GIS can be used in various ways, and can put out other products as well for the use of geographic data. They assist in problem solving in mapping programs and contribute data to many online mapping tools.

When you have a database that is full of information in relation to geography, then you have what is known as a geodatabase. This is a database in the geographic information systems that will interpret the world for you by putting it into geographic terms. It can lay out streets and addresses from an aerial point of view, enabling you to accurately see how the geography of that area lays out.

A GIS can be used along with a GPS in order to answer questions specifically about a certain location. You can use the data that is available for making analysis and accurately understand about the location in question. The GIS basically takes the information and can geoprocess it so that it can be used along with existing database information.

You may wonder who would have need of a GIS. Well, businesses can make good use of a GIS system. They can be used to analyze and more accurately calculate an ROI, or return on investment. This function is used by quite a few in the business world, like governments, academic institutions, agencies, or corporations and companies. The GIS can provide these types of businesses with a lot of helpful benefits.

With GIS you can see where there are quantities of things for finding relationships between different places. It is an added bit of information that can be useful in making decisions about how your business or organization will treat those places in regard to a project you may have in that region or area. It can map specific activities in various locations and present the data for it in a map form, even though the data is about a census.

This technology can be used to look at earthquake activity or other types of weather. If you can map things out and see how they look over a period of time, then you can get some insight into their behavior. Like with hurricanes. This gives you an idea of where and when the next ones are most likely to occur. This allows you to prepare for and anticipate possible future events. That can be very powerful, and very beneficial information.

Learning some things about geographic information systems, will help you to understand how lots of businesses are able to project future happenings and trends. It is an easier way of looking at data and being able to see just what it means in relation to the question at hand. It basically is an information converter, that puts data into a form that is then easily interpreted in a visual way. It has tremendous benefit for many situations and in answering important questions.

Canada’s top science authority offers vast knowledge on a variety of Canadian research topics, including mathematics research, engineering Canada, and physics research.

Animal Research Over The Decades

Animal research has undergone many updates and transformations of the years, and certainly within the past few decades. Even up until the 1980s many leading cosmetic giants were insisting that animal testing was necessary in order to prove that their products were safe for human use.

Many organizations came out of nowhere to help protect animals that were, in their eyes, being mutilated and killed needlessly in the name of beauty. These organizations quickly came to the defense of these animals and made certain that the general public was well aware of what was happening at these cosmetic companies by releasing photos of tiny helpless bunny rabbits that were blinded or even worse, for no good reason. Cosmetic companies were forced to find alternative means to test their products and now, all cosmetic companies carry disclaimers on their labeling to alert consumers to the fact that they do not engage in animal research.

Even up until the 1970s, companies involved in animal research were heavily involved in a practice called vivisection where animals were tested and forced to undergo painful procedures without anesthesia.

If an animal even happened to survive one of these “tests”, he was simply brought back to his cage to await what was in store for him next. The use of vivisection was quickly stopped by legislation once the public was aware of all this inhumane suffering.

Regardless of these updates, medical research still needs animal research, yet most research facilities have been forced to find labs where they work away from the public eye and avoid as much scrutiny as possible. No longer housed in the basements of large inner city teaching hospitals, labs have sprung up behind secure barriers literally in foothills and desert communities.

Groups and organizations such as PETA have used what some have referred to as aggressive and unsavory tactics in their self appointed role of animal protectors, but it is largely due to their relentless investigations and the willingness of the mass media to listen, that unnecessary animal research and mutilation has been almost wiped out.

There have been, however, successful and much needed advances in various diseases and conditions that have plagued man for eons, all due to animal research. Researchers have been able to discover research methods, however, that do not mandate the death or permanent maiming of these creatures and instead they have learned to create vaccines and serums that have shown great promise in many diseases from cancer to AIDS.

With all that success, however, comes a new form of research: genetic engineering. This focuses on many types of cloning for replacement body parts, internal organs and skin. One of the most common procedures involves the use of mice on which to graft and grow human ears. Although the procedure has provided some incredible results and has been well received by both the medical community and recipients of their new fully functional ears, it does involve the ultimate (humane) euthanization of the host mouse. Because of this, there are qualified recipients who choose not to undergo the procedure.

Canada’s top science authority offers vast knowledge on a variety of Canadian research topics, including mathematics research, nature and science, and physics research.

What Does The Future Hold For Space Research And Exploration?

Space is the final frontier and something that both fascinates and terrifies everyone. We all know that we fear what we don’t understand, and for most people, understanding space is something that is more or less impossible. We will know the basics about the Big Bang and our own solar system and galaxy and the plethora of other galaxies around us but that is only scratching the surface of what is the most complicated subject on the planet. Space research is constantly being undertaken by different space agencies around the world and we are all eager to answer so many different questions about our existence as well as potential alien life in the universe.

Our interest in space has always been around, ever since we started to look up into the night sky and wonder what all of those magnificent sparks were. Over the last century the space race between the Russian’s and the American’s has sparked off much greater interest in what is out there are the first manned visits into space and then the moon gripped the entire world.

Yet these two steps were those that, whilst tricky, were possible simply due to the proximity of the moon to our own planet. They were astronomical leaps at the time but now we are all waiting on tenterhooks and calling for further leaps and advances into space. Our knowledge of what is around us is constantly being extended as our technological prowess grows but what many are looking for is the next big leap.

We have managed to get a craft onto the surface of Mars, but an actually visit to the planet is what we are all waiting for. The Ares program is currently being created by NASA in order to allow us to extend our reach into space but this is still going to have its serious limitations.

In order to truly extend our arm we need to be creating forms of travel that let us traverse space at incredible and unheard of speeds. We all know about science fiction films where space travel is constantly done at light speeds and many people consider this to be the next step. But is this realistic? can we really build crafts that are capable of travelling at the same speed as light through the confines of space?

Well the truth is that the law of physics simply will not allow this to occur. Whilst it is impossible to know what tech advances will come up with in the future, right now we are very much limited to exploration that can be done within very close proximity to our own planet. Therefore, whilst Mars is a realistic possibility, beyond that we may never be able to extend our reach.

Yet right now, there is no chance of going beyond what is more or less directly in front of us. And even if light speed capabilities were developed, most planets and constellations are many light years away.

What we need to hold on for is what wonders a trip to Mars will bring. But seeing as this is unlikely to occur before 2030, we will be waiting for quite some time yet!

People have been dreaming about the stars and engaging in space research for centuries now, along with animal research for learning more about the biology of creatures on this planet.

Engineering Advancements in Canada

Canadian engineers have had a long history of making astounding advancements in the field of engineering. There have been many engineering developments that have improved the quality of life of people around the world and have led to important discoveries. Listed below are just a few of the major engineering advancements in Canada.

The Electron Microscope: In April of 1938, two graduate students and their supervisor, Department Chairman, Professor E.F. Burton from the Physics Department of the University, built the first transmission magnetic electron microscope. Researchers were eventually able to see into inner space and learn important and valuable information about the universe. Research in mathematics has assisted in this as well.

The Pacemaker: At the Banting and Best Institute Laboratory in Toronto, Dr. John Hopps, an electrical engineer and National Research Council researcher, along with two physicians, Dr. William Bigelow and Dr. John Callaghan, developed the ability to cause the heart to beat, which included the ability to decrease the heart rate. They did this by applying an electrical pulse. What emerged from this remarkable development was the creation of the first pacemaker in 1950. In 1957, the first small pacemaker was implanted into a man from Sweden. The origins of this remarkable medical device came from brilliant Canadian engineers and physicians and have saved millions of lives all over the world.

FP-6000 Computer: One of the first computers that used an operating system and performed a variety of functions was developed in Canada. The FP-6000 computer was developed in 1961. When designers from Toronto’s Ferranti-Packard Company assisted with moving computers from university laboratories into office buildings, it was the FP-6000 computer that was used.

The Ballard Fuel Cell: Another remarkable Canadian engineer development, the Ballard Fuel Cell, can use different types of fuels such as gasoline, hydrogen, natural gas, and methanol. Fuel cells have enough power to run a vehicle. The only by-products from the fuel cell’s electrochemical reaction are water vapor and heat. As well, these cells run continuously as long as they have fuel.

The Canadarm: One of Canada’s most renowned engineering accomplishments, the Canadarm, is able to capture a free-flying payload in an environment where there is no gravity. The Canadarm has never failed and has been used to help build the international space station, break ice off the fuselage of the Orbiter, and assist in the repair of the Hubble Space Telescope.

Compact Discs (CDs): Canadian engineers have made a significant contribution to the music industry. Canada makes the compact discs that are used by about 90% of all recorded North American music, video, and software.

The Alouette Satellite: In September 1962, the Canadian made Alouette Satellite was the first satellite launched into space making it the first launched satellite to be built by a country other than the USSR and the US.

Radio Broadcasting: On Christmas Eve, in 1906, Canadian, Reginald Fessenden, made an important historical achievement by making the world’s first radio broadcast using his invention called the radio telephony.

The above engineering advancements are just a few of the many Canadian accomplishments in the field of engineering. For years, engineering developments have impacted the field of science, medicine, technology, and much more. The outlook looks promising for Canadian engineers and their future engineering achievements.

The number of developments in the field of engineering Canada is truly remarkable. Many of these advancements are made possible from the analytical reasoning and mathematics research that has been done in the past.